Vergleichende osteologische Untersuchungen am postcranialen Skelett von Propalaeochoerus pusillus (Suoidea) aus der untermiozänen Karstspaltenfüllung Tomerdingen (SW-Deutschland)

Das postcraniale Skelettmaterial von Propalaeochoerus pusillus aus der untermiozänen (MN1) Spaltenfüllung Tomerdingen (Deutschland, Baden-Württemberg) wird untersucht und mit demjenigen des rezenten Sus scrofa (Suidae) und des Tayassu tajacu/pecari (Tayassuidae) verglichen. Propalaeochoerus pusillus war bereits odontologisch beschrieben und charakterisiert worden (Hellmund 1992). Überraschender Weise zeigt das Extremitätenskelett von P. pusillus im Unterschied zur Bezahnung kaum tayassuide Anpassungen, sondern erweist sich als weitgehend plesiomorph. Dies äußert sich in einer fehlenden Verwachsung von Radius/Ulna und der Metacarpalia bzw. Metatarsalia III und IV. Offenbar zeichnet sich hier ein diachroner, „mosaikartiger“ Entwicklungsmodus ab. Die Gebisse, insbesondere die Canini und die Molaren aus Tomerdingen sind unzweifelhaft „tayassuid“ und der „modernen“, rezenten Konfiguration weitgehend entsprechend ausgebildet, während das Skelett primitiv, generalisiert und undifferenziert „suid“ ist. Inwieweit diese Gebissmorphologie einen phylogenetischen Zusammenhang mit den Tayassuidae begründet oder ob es sich dabei um eine frühe Parallelentwicklung handelt, kann an Hand der vorgenommenen Vergleiche nicht entschieden werden. Es erscheint in diesem Zusammenhang sinnvoll, Propalaeochoerus vorerst in die Überfamilie Suoidea einzuordnen und die Zuweisung in eine der Familien Suidae, Palaeochoeridae oder Tayassuidae noch bzw. wieder offen zu lassen. Einer der wenigen sonst noch bekannten Extremitätenfunde aus dem Unter-/Mittel-Miozän Mitteleuropas stammt von Steinheim am Albuch (MN7). Es handelt sich um ein Autopodium von Conohyus simorrensis, dessen Seitenmetapodien noch weniger reduziert sind als bei Propalaeochoerus und damit die Zuordnung dieses Genus zu den Suidae bestätigen. Inwieweit sich die tayassuide Morphologie von Zygo- und Autopodium in der Alten Welt oder in der Neuen Welt (z. B. in den südlichen USA, in Mittelamerika oder im nördlichen Südamerika) herausgebildet hat, muss beim gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand ebenso dahingestellt bleiben.The postcranial skeleton of Propalaeochoerus pusillus of the Lower Miocene (MN1) fissure filling Tomerdingen (Schwäbische Alb, Südwestdeutschland) is investigated thoroughly and compared with the recent Sus scrofa (Suidae) and Tayassu tajacu / pecari (Tayassuidae). An odontological description and characterization of Propalaeochoerus pusillus had already be done by Hellmund (1992). Remarkably, the limb bones of Propalaeochoerus pusillus did not reveal any tayassuid characters in contrast to the dentitions. The manner of the bones is mostly plesiomorphic in displaying a lack of a fusion of radius and ulna, respectively, of the metacarpals and metatarsals III and IV. Such points to a diachron and mosaic-like evolutionary mode. The teeth, e. g. canines and molars, originating from Tomerdingen are clearly “tayassuid” and correspond to the recent morphology of Tayassuids, whereas the skeleton is primitive, generalized and undifferentiated “suid”. How far the mentionend dentition speaks for a phylogenetic connection with the Tayassuidae or displays an early parallel evolutionary trend cannot be judged at the present state of knowledge

A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the Early Miocene of Tuchořice, the Czech Republic

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de CatalunyaNew Amphicyonidae fossil remains from the early Miocene site of Tuchořice (the Czech Republic) confirm the presence of a new Thaumastocyoninae taxon: Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp. It is characterized by a peculiar combination of plesiomorphic and derived morphological traits. The new genus can be defined by a long and sharp mandible diastema, loss of mesial premolars (p2-p3), p4 with an inclined distally high main cuspid, moderate sectorial carnassial teeth, m1 with relict metaconid, and talonid and trigonid of similar width, and reduced M2 and m2. In the phylogenetic analysis the Thaumastocyoninae form a monophyletic group characterized by the start of the m2/M2 reduction, still moderate in Crassidia intermedia (von Meyer, 1849), but remarkable in the other species of the clade. Peignecyon felinoides already shows the advanced features defining the Thaumastocyoninae, and constitutes the sister group of the most specialized genera Tomocyon Viret, 1929b and Thaumastocyon Sthelin et Helbing, 1925. Consequently, it can be considered an excellent link between this group and the more primitive members of the tribe Ysengrini (Ysengrinia Ginsburg, 1966 and Crassidia Heizmannn et Kordikova, 2000). Peignecyon felinoides shows that the trend towards hypercarnivory had already emerged in the European early Miocene fauna, thus helping to understand the complex evolution of the Amphicyonidae during the Miocene

Premier enregistrement de Moschidae de la fin du Miocène moyen de Turquie : <i>Micromeryx</i> et <i>Hispanomeryx</i> de Catakbağyaka (Mugla, Sud-Ouest de la Turquie)

Nous décrivons dans cet article des restes de Micromeryx sp. et Hispanomeryx sp. de la localité Catakbağyaka du Miocène moyen (MN 7/8). Ceci est le premier enregistrement de Moschidae miocènes de la fin du Miocène moyen en Turquie, qui confirme l’importance de la Turquie comme corridor pour la dispersion des mammifères eurasiens. En outre, l’enregistrement à Catakbağyaka confirme que la co-occurrence sympatrique de deux taxa de moschidés miocènes dans une seule et même localité apparaît comme un phénomène commun.Here, we describe remains of Micromeryx sp. and Hispanomeryx sp. from the middle Miocene locality Catakbağyaka (MN 7/8). This is the first record for Miocene Moschidae for the late middle Miocene in Turkey and verifies the importance of Turkey as a corridor for the dispersal of Eurasian mammals. Furthermore, the record from Catakbağyaka confirms that the sympatric co-occurrence of two Miocene moschid taxa in one locality appears to be a common phenomenon.</p

The Amphicyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) of the early Miocene from Tuchořice, the Czech Republic

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Government of Aragon (Group ref. E33_17R and Group ref. E33_20R), Research Groups CSIC 64 1538 and UCM 910607The Amphicyoninae of the early Miocene from the locality of Tuchořice, the Czech Republic, are represented by three species. Two of them are classified within the tribe Amphicyonini: Paludocyon bohemicus (Schlosser, 1899) as the type species of Paludocyon n. gen., and a large-sized amphicyonid determined as Megamphicyon carnutense (Antunes et Ginsburg, 1977). Dehmicyon n. gen. aff. schlosseri is determined by two small teeth. This new genus has been proposed for the species Amphicyon schlosseri Dehm, 1950 from Wintershof-West and is tentatively included in the tribe Pseudarctini nov. together with the genera Ictiocyon and Pseudarctos. This association of Amphicyoninae provides valuable information on the taxonomy and systematics of this subfamily during the early Miocene, at which time important environmental changes were taking place in Europe, which undoubtedly affected the evolution of Amphicyonidae

Micromeryx? eiselei-A new moschid species from Steinheim am Albuch, Germany, and the first comprehensive description of moschid cranial material from the Miocene of Central Europe.

Moschids are enigmatic pecoran ruminants whose phylogeny is still not fully understood. So far we know only little of the family's early evolutionary history and the origin of the modern genus, Moschus. Here we present a comprehensive description of cranial material, including the ear region and the dentition, of fossil moschid material from the Middle Miocene locality Steinheim am Albuch (13.5 Ma; Germany). This study provides the first exhaustive dataset for the cranial osteology of Micromeryx flourensianus, the most likely oldest true moschid. It furthermore reveals the presence of a second, so far undescribed moschid species, we here name Micromeryx? eiselei, in the abundant material from the locality. The two taxa can be clearly distinguished by characters of the skull, the ear region, the dentition, as well as by size. This evidences the sympatric occurrence of two moschid species in the locality Steinheim am Albuch

Text-fig. 7. Dehmicyon n. gen. schlosseri (DEHM, 1950), from Wintershof-West, Germany. a: BSP 13562, mandible (holotype), a1 – right hemimandible in buccal view, a2 – occlusal view, a3 – left p4–m2 in occlusal view; b: BSP 12365, left maxilla fragment with M1 in occlusal view; c: BSP 13562, left maxilla fragment with P3 broken, P4–M2 and M3 alveolus (holotype) in occlusal view; d: BSP 12343 left maxilla fragment with P4, alveolus for M1, M2 and M3 alveolus in occlusal view. in The Amphicyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) Of The Early Miocene From Tuchořice, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 7. Dehmicyon n. gen. schlosseri (DEHM, 1950), from Wintershof-West, Germany. a: BSP 13562, mandible (holotype), a1 – right hemimandible in buccal view, a2 – occlusal view, a3 – left p4–m2 in occlusal view; b: BSP 12365, left maxilla fragment with M1 in occlusal view; c: BSP 13562, left maxilla fragment with P3 broken, P4–M2 and M3 alveolus (holotype) in occlusal view; d: BSP 12343 left maxilla fragment with P4, alveolus for M1, M2 and M3 alveolus in occlusal view.Published as part of Morales, Jorge, Fejfar, Oldřich, Heizmann, Elmar, Wagner, Jan, Valenciano, Alberto & Abella, Juan, 2021, The Amphicyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) Of The Early Miocene From Tuchořice, The Czech Republic, pp. 126-144 in Fossil Imprint 77 (1) on page 139, DOI: 10.37520/fi.2021.011, http://zenodo.org/record/716729